Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

Percy Bysshe Shelley, another crucial figure in the Programma ministeriale liceo linguistico 5 anno, wrote notable poems such as "Ozymandias" (1817) and "Ode to the West Wind" (1819). Shelley's work is characterized by his unique worldview and perception of nature.

Highlight: Shelley believed in a world of ideal goodness, justice, love, and beauty, which he saw as completely opposed to the everyday world of oppression and injustice.

Shelley's view of life included:

1. A belief in universal ideas expressing a transcendental world
2. The concept of Good as the source of all things
3. The eternal nature of Beauty and its power
4. Nature as a source of beauty and a safe haven from worldly disappointments

Example: In "Ode to the West Wind," Shelley uses the powerful wind as a metaphor for change and intellectual awakening, reflecting his belief in the transformative power of ideas.

Shelley's approach to nature in his poetry:

1. Nature as a privileged safe place from worldly injustice
2. Nature as an interlocutor for man's melancholy dreams and hopes
3. A sensitive and empathetic portrayal of natural elements

Shelley's work contributes significantly to the Riassunto programma inglese quinto anno, showcasing the depth and complexity of Romantic poetry's engagement with nature and ideals.

English Romanticism (1760-1837)

The Romanticismo inglese letteratura is divided into two main phases: the pre-romantic period (1760-1801) and the Romantic Age (1801-1837). The pre-romantic phase featured William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, while the Romantic Age included Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats. These poets shared common themes and beliefs, despite their generational differences.

Highlight: The 1801 Preface to the Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge is considered the manifesto of English Romanticism.

The Romantic poets were united by their faith in poetry, love for nature, and belief in the power of imagination. They sought refuge from a world they disliked, each finding personal solutions:

• Wordsworth and Keats found solace in the sublime world of nature
• Coleridge explored the world of dreams, the supernatural, and utopian ideas
• Byron and Shelley engaged in political and social involvement

Definition: Romanticismo inglese caratteristiche include a focus on emotion, imagination, and the relationship between humans and nature.

The first generation of Romantic poets was influenced by the French and American Revolutions, which demonstrated that freedom could be achieved by breaking free from outdated institutions and ideas. Wordsworth and Coleridge applied this concept to poetry, initiating a revolutionary approach to writing.

The second generation was more affected by the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars and tended to be more socially and politically committed. Byron and Shelley, in particular, were involved in movements promoting independence and freedom.

Example: Byron joined the Italian Carbonari and supported the Greek cause against the Turks, while Shelley supported Irish Catholics in their struggle for emancipation.

Key features of Romanticismo inglese autori include:

1. Exploration of subjective and irrational aspects of human nature
2. Use of everyday language in poetry
3. Pursuit of the sublime – deep feelings of pain or pleasure
4. Emphasis on imagination as a means to understand the universe
5. Belief in the poet's heightened sensibility