Synapses and Neurotransmission

Synapses are the junctions between neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another. This process involves:

1. The arrival of an impulse at the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron
2. Release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles
3. Diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft
4. Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

Definition: A synapse is the junction between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted via chemical neurotransmitters.

Different neurotransmitters have various functions in the nervous system:

• Acetylcholine - involved in muscle contraction
• Dopamine and serotonin - play roles in emotional processes

Example: Dopamine is involved in the brain's reward system, while serotonin helps regulate mood and sleep.

The transmission of nerve impulses across synapses allows signals to propagate through neural networks, enabling complex information processing and control of bodily functions. This intricate system of communication forms the basis of all nervous system activity, from simple reflexes to complex cognitive processes.

Highlight: The precise functioning of synapses and neurotransmitters is crucial for normal sistema nervoso centrale (central nervous system) operation.