The Central Nervous System and Neurons
The central nervous system, comprising the brain and spinal cord, is responsible for processing sensory information and controlling bodily functions. It works in conjunction with the peripheral nervous system to transmit signals throughout the body.
Highlight: The sistema nervoso centrale (central nervous system) has limited capacity to repair damage, making neuron preservation crucial.
Nervous tissue consists of two main cell types:
- Neurons - transmit messages
- Glial cells - protect and support neurons
Vocabulary: Cellule della glia (glial cells) are support cells in the nervous system that protect and nourish neurons.
Neurons cannot reproduce, so if they die, other neurons cannot replace them. This is why protecting existing neurons is so important for maintaining nervous system function throughout life.
Example: When a person suffers a stroke or brain injury, the damaged neurons typically cannot be replaced, leading to lasting impairments.
The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves that carry signals between the central nervous system and various organs in the body. These nerves allow for two-way communication, transmitting sensory information to the brain and motor commands from the brain to muscles and glands.
