Oliver Twist: A Tale of Innocence and Social Critique

"Oliver Twist," published between 1837 and 1839, is one of I 10 romanzi più popolari di Charles Dickens. The novel follows the story of its titular character, Oliver Twist, an orphan who remains innocent and pure despite the corrupt world around him.

Definition: A workhouse was a place where poor people were sent to live and work in often harsh conditions.

The novel is set in London and serves as a powerful critique of social issues prevalent in Victorian England. Dickens used the story to attack:

1. The social evils of his time, including poor houses, unjust courts, and the criminal underworld.
2. The workhouse system, which was founded on the misguided belief that poverty was a result of laziness.
3. The officials of workhouses who abused the rights of the poor and caused them further misery.

Highlight: Dickens' portrayal of childhood in the Victorian era highlighted the difficulties faced by poor children, who often had to work in factories, mines, or as domestic servants and chimney sweeps.

The novel reflects the harsh realities of London life during this period, where many children were forced into criminal activities due to poverty and lack of opportunities.

Vocabulary: Chimney sweep - A person whose job was to clean chimneys, often a dangerous occupation performed by young children.

The Story of Oliver Twist: From Workhouse to Redemption

The narrative of Oliver Twist follows the journey of a poor orphan boy, born to unknown parents, as he navigates the harsh realities of Victorian England. The story begins with Oliver in a workhouse, where he is later sold as an apprentice to an undertaker. Unable to endure the cruelty of his new master, Oliver escapes to London.

Example: One of the most famous scenes in the novel is when Oliver, starving in the workhouse, dares to ask for more food, saying, "Please, sir, I want some more."

In London, Oliver encounters a group of young pickpockets led by the cunning Fagin. Despite their attempts to corrupt him, Oliver's inherent goodness remains intact. His fortunes begin to change when he is helped by an old gentleman, Mr. Brownlow.

However, Oliver's journey is far from over. He is kidnapped by the gang and forced to participate in a burglary, during which he is shot and wounded. This incident leads to his rescue and adoption by a kind middle-class family.

Highlight: The novel's plot takes a dramatic turn when it is revealed that Oliver has noble origins, and the gang of thieves was actually paid by Oliver's half-brother to ruin the boy and claim their father's property.

The story concludes with justice being served as the criminal gang is arrested, and Oliver's true identity and inheritance are revealed. This ending reinforces Dickens' theme of good triumphing over evil and the power of kindness and perseverance.

Quote: "Please, sir, I want some more." This famous line encapsulates Oliver's innocence and the harsh conditions of the workhouse system.

Coketown: A Portrait of Industrial England

In his novel "Hard Times," Charles Dickens presents a vivid description of Coketown, a fictional industrial town that serves as a microcosm of the broader issues facing industrial England during the Victorian era. The Coketown description provided by Dickens is a powerful critique of the dehumanizing effects of industrialization.

Coketown is depicted as a town dominated by red and black bricks, symbolizing the omnipresence of factories and the pollution they produce. The town is characterized by:

1. Tall chimneys constantly emitting smoke, creating a perpetual haze over the town.
2. A black canal and a purple river, polluted by industrial waste and ill-smelling dye.
3. Buildings filled with windows that rattle and tremble all day long due to the constant operation of machinery.

Imagery: "The piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness."

This vivid simile captures the relentless, almost maddening rhythm of industrial production that defines life in Coketown.

The town's layout reflects the monotony and uniformity imposed by industrial life:

• Large and small streets that all look alike
• People who resemble one another, following the same routines day after day
• Public buildings that are indistinguishable from one another, save for the inscriptions on their facades

Highlight: Dickens emphasizes that "Fact" dominates every aspect of life in Coketown, from education to labor relations, symbolizing the cold, calculating nature of industrial society.

The Coketown analysis reveals Dickens' critique of the dehumanizing effects of industrialization, where individuality and human warmth are sacrificed in the pursuit of efficiency and profit. This portrayal serves as a powerful indictment of the social and environmental costs of unchecked industrial progress.

Charles Dickens: Life and Works

Charles Dickens, born in Portsmouth in 1812, experienced a challenging childhood that would later influence his literary works. At the age of 12, he was forced to work in a factory due to his family's financial difficulties, which included his father's imprisonment for debts. This early exposure to hardship and social injustice would become a recurring theme in his writing.

Dickens began his career as a newspaper reporter, using the pen name Boz. In 1836, he published "Sketches by Boz," a collection of articles about people and scenes from everyday life. This marked the beginning of his literary career, which would soon flourish with the publication of several Charles Dickens opere più importanti in inglese, including:

• Oliver Twist $1838$
• David Copperfield $1849-50$
• Little Dorrit $1857$
• Hard Times $1854$
• Great Expectations $1860-61$

Highlight: Dickens' works often addressed social issues, reflecting his concern for the underprivileged and his critique of societal problems.

In addition to his novels, Dickens was a busy editor of magazines, further establishing his influence in the literary world. He passed away in 1870 in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey, a testament to his significant contribution to English literature.

Quote: "Dickens attacked the social evils of his times such as poor houses, unjust courts, and the underworld."

This statement encapsulates Dickens pensiero, or Dickens' philosophy, which was deeply rooted in social criticism and reform.