The Alto e Basso Medioevo period marked significant transformations in European history, from the fall of the Roman Empire through to the emergence of modern nation-states.
Key developments include:
- The transition from Alto Medioevo characterized by decentralization and feudal structures
- Carlo Magno's establishment and subsequent fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire
- The rise of feudal society and emergence of trade-based economy
- Development of urban centers and merchant class
- Decline of universal powers (Church and Empire) and rise of national states