Present Tense and Imperative Mood in Latin

The present tense in Latin is used to express current actions or states. It is formed differently for active and passive voices, as well as for the verb "to be" (sum).

Vocabulary: Presente - Present tense in Latin

For the verb "to be" (sum), the present tense conjugation is: sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

For active verbs, the endings are: -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

Example: laudo, laudas, laudat... (I praise, you praise, he/she praises...)

For passive verbs, the endings are: -or, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur

Example: laudor, laudaris, laudatur... (I am praised, you are praised, he/she is praised...)

The imperative mood is used for commands. For the verb "to be," it's formed as: (tu) es - (voi) este

For other verbs, the singular form is the infinitive minus -re, and the plural adds -te to this form.

Example: lauda (praise! - singular), laudate (praise! - plural)

Imperfect and Simple Future Tenses

The imperfect tense describes ongoing or habitual actions in the past. For "to be," it's conjugated as: eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

For other verbs, it's formed by adding -bam, -bas, etc. to the present stem.

Example: laudabam, laudabas... (I was praising, you were praising...)

The simple future tense indicates actions that will occur in the future. For "to be," it's: ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

For 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs, add -bo, -bis, etc. to the present stem. For 3rd, 4th, and 5th conjugations, add -am, -es, etc.

Example: laudabo, laudabis... (I will praise, you will praise...) Example: legam, leges... (I will read, you will read...)