The Evolution of Victorian Age Literature: Novels and Society
The Victorian Age marked a transformative period in literary history, particularly in the development of the novel. During this era, literature became increasingly sophisticated, reflecting the complex social and technological changes of the time. The spread of scientific knowledge fostered more analytical and realistic writing approaches, while growing democratic ideals inspired humanitarian themes.
Definition: The Victorian novel emerged as a distinct literary form characterized by moral purpose, realistic characters, and social commentary. It represented a significant departure from the adventure-focused narratives of the 18th century.
The novelists of the early Victorian Age approached their craft with clear social consciousness. Unlike their European counterparts, British writers maintained a more measured criticism of society, reflecting Britain's unique historical conditions. They addressed pressing issues like worker conditions and child exploitation, but within the acceptable moral boundaries of the time. This careful balance exemplified the Victorian compromise between social critique and established values.
The technical aspects of Victorian novels reveal much about the period's values. Authors employed omniscient narrators to provide moral guidance, establishing clear distinctions between right and wrong behaviors. This narrative technique, combined with conclusive endings that explained and justified all events, reflected the Victorian society characteristics of order and moral certainty.
Highlight: Urban settings dominated Victorian novels, symbolizing industrial civilization and exploring themes of identity in an increasingly anonymous world. Authors like Charles Dickens made London their primary setting, while the Brontë sisters created memorable heroines that readers could identify with.
The novel of manners, pioneered by Jane Austen and perfected by William Thackeray, emerged as a significant subgenre. These works expertly examined economic and social problems within specific class contexts, providing detailed portraits of Victorian society characteristics while maintaining entertainment value.