Subjects

Careers

Open the App

Subjects

How Vinegar Makes Cool Chemicals and Alkenes Drink Water

Open

20

0

user profile picture

Revision Chronicles

17/05/2023

Chemistry

Alcohols AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY

Subjects

/

Chemistry

/

Organic chemistry

/

Alcohols

/

Oxidation of alcohols

How Vinegar Makes Cool Chemicals and Alkenes Drink Water

The chemistry of alcohol hydration, oxidation, and related reactions, focusing on key processes like fermentation and testing methods for various organic compounds. The content covers essential mechanisms and practical applications in organic chemistry.

• Hydration of alkenes forms alcohols through specific reaction mechanisms
• Ethanol production via fermentation is detailed with precise conditions
• Dehydration of alcohols leads to alkene formation with varying products
• Oxidation processes convert alcohols to aldehydes and carboxylic acids
• Testing methods distinguish between different organic compounds

17/05/2023

234

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

View

Page 2: Alcohol Dehydration

This section explores the elimination of water from alcohols, known as dehydration, which produces alkenes under specific conditions.

Definition: Dehydration is the removal of water from an alcohol molecule to form an alkene.

Example: Butan-1-ol undergoes dehydration to form but-1-ene and but-2-ene.

Highlight: The type of alcohol primary,secondary,ortertiaryprimary, secondary, or tertiary determines the products formed during dehydration.

Vocabulary: Isomeric products are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

View

Page 3: Carboxylic Acid Formation

This page covers the oxidation of alcohols to form уксусная кислота формула and related compounds through heating under reflux conditions.

Definition: Reflux is a technique allowing reactions to occur at boiling point while preventing loss of reactants or products.

Example: Этанол + уксусная кислота = этилацетат demonstrates the oxidation pathway from alcohol to carboxylic acid.

Highlight: The oxidation process can be partial or complete, leading to different products.

Vocabulary: Anti-bumping granules prevent violent boiling during the reflux process.

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

View

Page 4: Testing Methods

The final page details various testing methods for identifying aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.

Definition: Fehling's solution and Tollens' reagent are specific tests for identifying aldehydes.

Example: A positive Tollens' test results in a silver mirror formation.

Highlight: Different functional groups show characteristic reactions with specific testing reagents.

Vocabulary: Effervescence refers to the bubbling observed during certain chemical reactions.

Similar content

Know Unit 2 Higher Chemistry thumbnail

9

286

S5/S6

Chemistry - Unit 2 Higher Chemistry

Full summary of unit 2 in higher chemistry

Know Higher chemistry: Unit 2 - Natures chemistry Notes thumbnail

11

422

S4/S5

Chemistry - Higher chemistry: Unit 2 - Natures chemistry Notes

These are the notes for higher chemistry including topics such as: homologous series, alcohols, esters, neutralisation, oxidation, proteins and soaps.

Know Alcohol Mindmap🧪 thumbnail

15

163

12/13

Chemistry - Alcohol Mindmap🧪

(brief summary)

Know organic synthesis flowchart thumbnail

56

621

13

Chemistry - organic synthesis flowchart

flowchart of all mechanisms of organic molecules

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average app rating

21 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 17 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Subjects

Chemistry

Organic chemistry

Alcohols

Oxidation of alcohols

 

Chemistry

•

234

•

17 May 2023

•

4 pages

How Vinegar Makes Cool Chemicals and Alkenes Drink Water

user profile picture

Revision Chronicles

@_revision_chronicles

The chemistry of alcohol hydration, oxidation, and related reactions, focusing on key processes like fermentation and testing methods for various organic compounds. The content covers essential mechanisms and practical applications in organic chemistry.

• Hydration of alkenesforms alcohols through... Show more

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 2: Alcohol Dehydration

This section explores the elimination of water from alcohols, known as dehydration, which produces alkenes under specific conditions.

Definition: Dehydration is the removal of water from an alcohol molecule to form an alkene.

Example: Butan-1-ol undergoes dehydration to form but-1-ene and but-2-ene.

Highlight: The type of alcohol primary,secondary,ortertiaryprimary, secondary, or tertiary determines the products formed during dehydration.

Vocabulary: Isomeric products are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Sign up with GoogleSign up with Google. Opens in new tab

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 3: Carboxylic Acid Formation

This page covers the oxidation of alcohols to form уксусная кислота формула and related compounds through heating under reflux conditions.

Definition: Reflux is a technique allowing reactions to occur at boiling point while preventing loss of reactants or products.

Example: Этанол + уксусная кислота = этилацетат demonstrates the oxidation pathway from alcohol to carboxylic acid.

Highlight: The oxidation process can be partial or complete, leading to different products.

Vocabulary: Anti-bumping granules prevent violent boiling during the reflux process.

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Sign up with GoogleSign up with Google. Opens in new tab

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 4: Testing Methods

The final page details various testing methods for identifying aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.

Definition: Fehling's solution and Tollens' reagent are specific tests for identifying aldehydes.

Example: A positive Tollens' test results in a silver mirror formation.

Highlight: Different functional groups show characteristic reactions with specific testing reagents.

Vocabulary: Effervescence refers to the bubbling observed during certain chemical reactions.

Uydration of Alcohol СИ2=СИ2 + №20 c=c и она из род -> C2 USou и и . эп-с-с-и at I и Tips-Hydration 1. Double bond to ut 2. water to C+ 3. и

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Sign up with GoogleSign up with Google. Opens in new tab

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Page 1: Alcohol Formation and Fermentation

This page details the process of alcohol formation through Гидратация алкенов механизм. The hydration reaction converts alkenes to alcohols through a specific mechanism involving water addition.

Definition: Hydration is the chemical process of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.

Example: The conversion of ethene to этанол follows the reaction: CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O → CH₃CH₂OH

Highlight: Fermentation produces этанол из уксусной кислоты under specific conditions: 35°C temperature and anaerobic conditions to prevent oxidation.

Vocabulary: Carbon-neutral process refers to the balanced CO₂ cycle in fermentation, where CO₂ released equals CO₂ consumed in photosynthesis.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user